๐—™๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ผ๐—ป is a fundamental building block for ensuring fault tolerance in large scale distributed systems. A ๐—ณ๐—ฎ๐—ถ๐—น๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ ๐—ฑ๐—ฒ๐˜๐—ฒ๐—ฐ๐˜๐—ผ๐—ฟ is a process that responds to questions asking whether a given process has failed. The difficulty of making a reliable failure detector is due to the ๐—ฝ๐—ฎ๐—ฟ๐˜๐—ถ๐—ฎ๐—น๐—น๐˜† ๐˜€๐˜†๐—ป๐—ฐ๐—ต๐—ฟ๐—ผ๐—ป๐—ผ๐˜‚๐˜€ ๐—ป๐—ฎ๐˜๐˜‚๐—ฟ๐—ฒ of distributed systems. In a synchronous system there is a bound on message delivery time so it is therefore easily achievable but in asynchronous systems things are much harder, in this context it is possible for a failure detector to be accurate or live, but not both. In general, in asynchronous systems we have no strict timing assumptions and itโ€™s difficult to determine whether a process has failed or is simply taking a long time for execution, so many of the algorithms have probabilistic assumptions.


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